![]() The work by 3GPP to define a 4G candidate radio interface technology started in Release 9 with the study phase for LTE-Advanced. More LTE networks were deployed globally during 2010 as a natural evolution of several 2G and 3G systems, including Global system for mobile communications (GSM) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) in the 3GPP family as well as CDMA2000 in the 3GPP2 family. The first commercial services were launched in Sweden and Norway in December 2009 followed by the United States and Japan in 2010. LTE standardization has matured to a state where changes in the specification are limited to corrections and bug fixes. ![]() The LTE+ format was first proposed by NTT DoCoMo of Japan and has been adopted as the international standard. ![]() ![]() Cellular network standards and generation timeline. ![]()
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